Bond constraints involving hydrogen were applied with the LINCS algorithm (2 fs timestep), long-range electrostatics were treated with PME (cutoff 1.2 nm), and van der Waals interactions were truncated at 10
MOTS-c Pathway (Systemic Energy Sensor): Cellular Stress / Exercise Mitochondria release MOTS-c Travels to Nucleus Activates AMPK Result: Increased Insulin Sensitivity + Enhanced ATP Production + Systemic Fat Oxidation 5-Amino-1MQ Pathway (Targeted Fat Burner): High-Fat Diet / Aging 5-Amino-1MQ enters Adipocytes (Fat Cells) Blocks NNMT Enzyme Result: NAD+ Levels Skyrocket Forced Lipolysis (Fat Burning) + Prevention of Fat Storage Why MOTS-c Might Be "Better" Experimental findings show that MOTS-c provides broad, systemic metabolic benefits
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10.1039/c4cc07996e 10 ChaonU.WongtranganK.ThinkhamropB.TatiyanupanwongS.LimwattananonC.PongskulC.et al (2020)
In contrast to earlier GLP-1 receptor agonists, which primarily target appetite suppression and glycemic improvement, GLP-3 leverages GCG receptor activation to stimulate lipolysis and elevate basal metabolic rate, thereby contributing to a more pronounced and sustained reduction in adiposity as observed in research models
STAT3 Signaling Pathway Signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (STAT3) can be activated by phosphorylation of extracellular signaling molecules and then enter the nucleus, bind to DNA, regulate the transcription of ferroptosis-related genes (e.g., GPX4, superoxide dismutase, etc.) and affect the production of ROS, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis [137]
